5G da Yankan Hanyar Sadarwa
Idan aka ambaci fasahar 5G sosai, fasahar Network Slicing ita ce fasahar da aka fi tattaunawa a kanta. Masu gudanar da hanyoyin sadarwa kamar KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, da masu sayar da kayan aiki kamar Ericsson, Nokia, da Huawei duk sun yi imanin cewa Network Slicing ita ce tsarin hanyar sadarwa mafi kyau a zamanin 5G.
Wannan sabuwar fasaha tana bawa masu aiki damar raba hanyoyin sadarwa na kama-da-wane da yawa a cikin kayan aikin hardware, kuma kowane Network Slice an ware shi ta hanyar da ta dace daga na'urar, hanyar sadarwa ta shiga, hanyar sadarwa ta sufuri da kuma babbar hanyar sadarwa don biyan bukatun daban-daban na nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban.
Ga kowane Network Slice, albarkatun da aka keɓe kamar sabar kama-da-wane, bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa, da ingancin sabis an tabbatar da su gaba ɗaya. Tunda an ware yanka daga juna, kurakurai ko gazawa a cikin yanki ɗaya ba zai shafi sadarwa na wasu yanka ba.
Me yasa 5G ke buƙatar yanke hanyar sadarwa?
Tun daga baya zuwa yanzu, hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu galibi suna amfani da wayoyin hannu, kuma gabaɗaya suna yin wasu gyare-gyare ne kawai ga wayoyin hannu. Duk da haka, a zamanin 5G, hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu suna buƙatar yin amfani da na'urori iri-iri da buƙatu. Yawancin yanayin aikace-aikacen da aka ambata sun haɗa da intanet mai sauri, babban iot, da kuma iot mai mahimmanci ga manufa. Duk suna buƙatar nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban kuma suna da buƙatu daban-daban a cikin motsi, lissafi, tsaro, sarrafa manufofi, latency, aminci da sauransu.
Misali, babban sabis na iot yana haɗa na'urori masu auna zafin jiki, danshi, ruwan sama, da sauransu. Babu buƙatar miƙawa, sabunta wurin aiki, da sauran fasalulluka na manyan wayoyin sadarwa a cikin hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan iot masu mahimmanci kamar tuƙi mai sarrafa kansa da sarrafa robot daga nesa suna buƙatar jinkirin ƙarewa na milliseconds da yawa, wanda ya bambanta sosai da ayyukan intanet na wayar hannu.
Babban Yanayin Aikace-aikace na 5G
Shin wannan yana nufin muna buƙatar hanyar sadarwa ta musamman don kowace hidima? Misali, ɗaya yana amfani da wayoyin hannu na 5G, ɗaya yana amfani da babbar hanyar sadarwa ta 5G, ɗayan kuma yana amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta 5G mai mahimmanci. Ba ma buƙatar yin hakan, domin za mu iya amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta yanke don raba hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa daga wata hanyar sadarwa ta zahiri daban, wanda hanya ce mai matuƙar araha!
Bukatun Aikace-aikace don Yankan Cibiyar sadarwa
An nuna ɓangaren hanyar sadarwa ta 5G da aka bayyana a cikin takardar farin 5G da NGMN ta fitar a ƙasa:
Ta yaya muke aiwatar da yanke hanyar sadarwa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe?
(1) Cibiyar sadarwa mara waya ta 5G da cibiyar sadarwa ta tsakiya: NFV
A cikin hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu ta yau, babban na'urar ita ce wayar hannu. RAN (DU da RU) da ayyukan tsakiya an gina su ne daga kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa na musamman waɗanda masu siyar da RAN ke bayarwa. Don aiwatar da yanke hanyar sadarwa, Tsarin Aiki na Network Function (NFV) wani abu ne da ake buƙata. Ainihin, babban ra'ayin NFV shine a tura software na aikin cibiyar sadarwa (misali MME, S/P-GW da PCRF a cikin fakitin core da DU a cikin RAN) duk a cikin injunan kama-da-wane akan sabar kasuwanci maimakon daban a cikin na'urorin sadarwar su na musamman. Ta wannan hanyar, ana ɗaukar RAN a matsayin girgijen gefen, yayin da ake ɗaukar aikin tsakiya a matsayin girgijen tsakiya. Haɗin tsakanin VMS da ke gefen da a cikin girgijen tsakiya an tsara shi ta amfani da SDN. Sannan, ana ƙirƙirar yanki don kowane sabis (misali yanki na waya, babban yanki na iot, yanki na iot mai mahimmanci, da sauransu).
Yadda ake aiwatar da ɗaya daga cikin Yankan Yanar Gizo (I)?
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda za a iya ƙirƙirar kowane aikace-aikacen da ya shafi sabis ta hanyar kama-da-wane da kuma shigar da shi a cikin kowane yanki. Misali, ana iya tsara yankewa kamar haka:
(1) Yankan UHD: yin amfani da DU, 5G core (UP) da cache sabar a cikin gajimare na gefen, da kuma yin amfani da 5G core (CP) da MVO sabar a cikin gajimare na tsakiya
(2) Yankan waya: yin amfani da sabbin 5G (UP da CP) da IMS ta hanyar kama-da-wane tare da cikakken ƙarfin motsi a cikin babban gajimare
(3) Babban yanki na iot (misali, hanyoyin sadarwa na firikwensin): Yin amfani da na'urar 5G mai sauƙi da sauƙi a cikin girgije mai mahimmanci ba shi da ikon sarrafa motsi.
(4) Yanke iot mai mahimmanci a cikin manufa: Yin amfani da cores 5G (UP) da sabar da ke da alaƙa (misali, sabar V2X) a cikin gajimare don rage jinkirin watsawa
Zuwa yanzu, mun buƙaci ƙirƙirar yanka na musamman don ayyuka tare da buƙatu daban-daban. Kuma ana sanya ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa ta kama-da-wane a wurare daban-daban a cikin kowane yanki (misali, girgijen gefen ko girgije na tsakiya) bisa ga halaye daban-daban na sabis. Bugu da ƙari, wasu ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa, kamar lissafin kuɗi, sarrafa manufofi, da sauransu, na iya zama dole a wasu yanka, amma ba a cikin wasu ba. Masu aiki za su iya keɓance yanka hanyar sadarwa ta yadda suke so, kuma wataƙila hanya mafi inganci.
Yadda ake aiwatar da ɗaya daga cikin Yankan Yanar Gizo (I)?
(2) Yankan hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gajimare da gizagizai na tsakiya: IP/MPLS-SDN
Tsarin sadarwa da aka bayyana ta hanyar software, kodayake ra'ayi mai sauƙi ne lokacin da aka fara gabatar da shi, yana ƙara zama mai rikitarwa. Idan aka ɗauki siffar Overlay a matsayin misali, fasahar SDN na iya samar da haɗin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin injunan kama-da-wane akan kayayyakin more rayuwa na hanyar sadarwa da ke akwai.
Yankan hanyar sadarwa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe
Da farko, mun duba yadda za mu tabbatar da cewa haɗin hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gajimare na gefen da na'urorin kama-da-wane na girgije mai zurfi yana da aminci. Yana buƙatar aiwatar da hanyar sadarwa tsakanin na'urorin kama-da-wane bisa ga IP/MPLS-SDN da Transport SDN. A cikin wannan takarda, mun mayar da hankali kan IP/MPLS-SDN da masu samar da na'urorin sadarwa ke bayarwa. Ericsson da Juniper duka suna ba da samfuran tsarin cibiyar sadarwa ta IP/MPLS SDN. Ayyukan sun ɗan bambanta, amma haɗin tsakanin VMS mai tushen SDN yana da kama sosai.
A cikin babban girgije akwai sabar da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa. A cikin hypervisor na uwar garken, gudanar da vRouter/vSwitch da aka gina a ciki. Mai sarrafa SDN yana ba da tsarin rami tsakanin uwar garken da aka yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta ...
Mai sarrafa SDN sannan yana sarrafa taswirar tsakanin waɗannan ramukan da MPLS L3 VPN, kamar IoT VPN. Tsarin iri ɗaya ne a cikin girgijen gefen, yana ƙirƙirar yanki na iot wanda aka haɗa daga girgijen gefen zuwa gadawar IP/MPLS har zuwa gajimare na tsakiya. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan tsari bisa ga fasahohi da ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka tsufa kuma ana samun su zuwa yanzu.
(3) Yankan hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gajimare da gizagizai na tsakiya: IP/MPLS-SDN
Abin da ya rage yanzu shine hanyar sadarwa ta wayar hannu ta fronthawall. Ta yaya za mu yanke wannan hanyar sadarwa ta wayar hannu tsakanin gajimare na gefen da 5G RU? Da farko dai, dole ne a fara ayyana hanyar sadarwa ta 5G gaba. Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka da ake tattaunawa (misali, gabatar da sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta gaba bisa fakiti ta hanyar sake fasalta ayyukan DU da RU), amma ba a yi wani ma'anar da aka saba ba tukuna. Wannan hoton zane ne da aka gabatar a cikin ƙungiyar aiki ta ITU IMT 2020 kuma ya ba da misali na hanyar sadarwa ta fronhaul mai kama-da-wane.
Misali na Yanka Hanyar Sadarwa ta 5G C-RAN ta Ƙungiyar ITU
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-02-2024
