5G da Network Slicing
Lokacin da aka ambaci 5G ko'ina, Network Slicing shine fasahar da aka fi tattaunawa a tsakanin su. Masu gudanar da hanyar sadarwa irin su KT, SK Telecom, China Mobile, DT, KDDI, NTT, da masu siyar da kayan aiki irin su Ericsson, Nokia, da Huawei duk sun yi imanin cewa Slicing Network shine kyakkyawan tsarin gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwa na zamanin 5G.
Wannan sabuwar fasaha tana ba masu aiki damar raba hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe a cikin kayan aikin kayan masarufi, kuma kowane yanki na hanyar sadarwa an keɓe shi da ma'ana daga na'urar, hanyar sadarwar shiga, hanyar sadarwar sufuri da cibiyar sadarwa don saduwa da halaye daban-daban na nau'ikan sabis daban-daban.
Ga kowane yanki na hanyar sadarwa, keɓaɓɓun albarkatun kamar sabar sabar, bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa, da ingancin sabis suna da cikakken garanti. Tun da an keɓance yanki da juna, kurakurai ko gazawa a cikin yanki ɗaya ba zai shafi sadarwar sauran yanki ba.
Me yasa 5G ke buƙatar Yanke hanyar sadarwa?
Daga baya zuwa cibiyar sadarwar 4G na yanzu, hanyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu galibi suna amfani da wayoyin hannu, kuma gabaɗaya suna ingantawa kawai don wayar hannu. Koyaya, a zamanin 5G, cibiyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu suna buƙatar sabis na na'urori iri daban-daban da buƙatu. Yawancin yanayin aikace-aikacen da aka ambata sun haɗa da layin wayar hannu, babban iot, da iot mai mahimmanci. Dukkansu suna buƙatar nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban kuma suna da buƙatu daban-daban a cikin motsi, lissafin kuɗi, tsaro, sarrafa manufofin, latency, aminci da sauransu.
Misali, babban sabis na iot yana haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin don auna zafin jiki, zafi, ruwan sama, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, ayyuka masu mahimmanci na iot irin su tuƙi mai sarrafa kansa da sarrafa nesa na mutummutumi suna buƙatar jinkirin ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshe na mil daƙiƙa da yawa, wanda ya sha bamban da sabis na faɗaɗa wayar hannu.
Babban yanayin aikace-aikacen 5G
Wannan yana nufin muna buƙatar sadaukarwar hanyar sadarwa don kowane sabis? Misali, daya yana hidimar wayoyin hannu na 5G, daya yana hidimar babban iot na 5G, kuma daya yana hidimar 5G manufa iot. Ba ma buƙatar haka, saboda muna iya amfani da slicing cibiyar sadarwa don raba hanyoyin sadarwa masu ma'ana da yawa daga cibiyar sadarwa ta zahiri daban, wacce hanya ce mai inganci!
Bukatun Aikace-aikace don Yanke hanyar sadarwa
Yanke hanyar sadarwar 5G da aka kwatanta a cikin farar takarda ta 5G da NGMN ta fitar ana nunawa a ƙasa:
Ta yaya muke aiwatar da Yanke hanyar sadarwa na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen?
(1) 5G hanyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya da cibiyar cibiyar sadarwa: NFV
A cikin sadarwar wayar hannu ta yau, babbar na'urar ita ce wayar hannu. RAN (DU da RU) da ayyuka masu mahimmanci an gina su daga kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da aka keɓe ta masu siyar da RAN. Don aiwatar da slicing na cibiyar sadarwa, Ayyukan Haɓaka Ayyukan Sadarwa (NFV) buƙatu ne. Ainihin, babban ra'ayin NFV shine ƙaddamar da software na aikin cibiyar sadarwa (watau MME, S/P-GW da PCRF a cikin fakitin core da DU a cikin RAN) duk a cikin injunan kama-da-wane akan sabar kasuwanci maimakon dabam a cikin sadaukarwar su. na'urorin sadarwa. Ta wannan hanyar, ana bi da RAN azaman girgijen gefen, yayin da ake kula da ainihin aikin azaman babban girgije. Haɗin kai tsakanin VMS da ke gefen kuma a cikin babban gajimare an daidaita shi ta amfani da SDN. Sannan, ana ƙirƙira wani yanki don kowane sabis (watau yanki na waya, yanki mai girman iot, yanki mai mahimmancin manufa, da sauransu).
Yadda ake aiwatar da ɗaya daga cikin Yankan Sadarwa (I)?
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda kowane ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen sabis na iya zama mai ƙima da shigar dashi a kowane yanki. Misali, ana iya daidaita slicing kamar haka:
(1) UHD slicing: virtualizing DU, 5G core (UP) da cache sabobin a cikin gefen girgije, da kuma 5G core (CP) da sabar MVO a cikin babban girgije.
(2) Yanke waya: ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙirar 5G (UP da CP) da sabar IMS tare da cikakken ikon motsi a cikin babban gajimare.
(3) Babban girman iot slicing (misali, cibiyoyin sadarwa na firikwensin): Ƙirƙirar ainihin 5G mai sauƙi da nauyi a cikin babban gajimare ba shi da ikon sarrafa motsi.
(4) Mahimmancin iot slicing na manufa-mahimmanci: Virtualizing 5G cores (UP) da sabar masu alaƙa (misali, sabar V2X) a cikin gajimare na gefen don rage jinkirin watsawa.
Ya zuwa yanzu, muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓen yanki don ayyuka tare da buƙatu daban-daban. Kuma ana sanya ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane a wurare daban-daban a cikin kowane yanki (watau gajimare na bakin ko babban gajimare) bisa ga halaye daban-daban na sabis. Bugu da kari, wasu ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa, kamar lissafin kuɗi, sarrafa manufofi, da sauransu, na iya zama dole a wasu yanki, amma ba a cikin wasu ba. Masu aiki za su iya keɓance yankan hanyar sadarwa yadda suke so, kuma mai yiwuwa hanya mafi inganci.
Yadda ake aiwatar da ɗaya daga cikin Yankan Sadarwa (I)?
(2) Yanke hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gefe da babban gajimare: IP/MPLS-SDN
Ƙayyadaddun hanyar sadarwar software, kodayake ra'ayi mai sauƙi lokacin da aka fara gabatar da shi, yana ƙara rikitarwa. Ɗaukar nau'i na Overlay a matsayin misali, fasahar SDN za ta iya samar da hanyar sadarwa tsakanin na'urori masu kama da juna akan abubuwan da ke cikin cibiyar sadarwa.
Yanke hanyar sadarwa na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe
Da fari dai, muna duban yadda ake tabbatar da cewa haɗin yanar gizo tsakanin gajimaren gefen gajimare da ainihin injunan kama-da-wane na girgije yana da tsaro. Ana buƙatar aiwatar da hanyar sadarwa tsakanin injunan kama-da-wane bisa IP/MPLS-SDN da Transport SDN. A cikin wannan takarda, mun mayar da hankali kan IP/MPLS-SDN da masu siyar da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ke bayarwa. Ericsson da Juniper duka suna ba da samfuran gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwar IP/MPLS SDN. Ayyukan sun ɗan bambanta, amma haɗin kai tsakanin VMS na tushen SDN yayi kama da juna.
A cikin ainihin gajimare akwai sabar da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin hypervisor na uwar garken, gudanar da ginanniyar vRouter/vSwitch. Mai sarrafa SDN yana ba da tsarin ramin rami tsakanin uwar garken da aka yi amfani da shi da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na DC G/W (na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta PE wacce ke ƙirƙirar MPLS L3 VPN a cikin cibiyar bayanan girgije). Ƙirƙirar ramukan SDN (watau MPLS GRE ko VXLAN) tsakanin kowace injin kama-da-wane (misali 5G IoT core) da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa na DC G/W a cikin babban gajimare.
Mai sarrafa SDN yana sarrafa taswira tsakanin waɗannan ramukan da MPLS L3 VPN, kamar IoT VPN. Tsarin iri ɗaya ne a cikin gajimare na gefen, ƙirƙirar yanki na iot da aka haɗa daga gajimaren gefen zuwa kashin baya na IP / MPLS kuma har zuwa ainihin girgije. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan tsari bisa ga fasaha da ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka balaga kuma akwai su zuwa yanzu.
(3) Yanke hanyar sadarwa tsakanin gefe da babban gajimare: IP/MPLS-SDN
Abin da ya rage a yanzu shine hanyar sadarwa ta fronthawall ta wayar hannu. Ta yaya za mu yanke wannan cibiyar sadarwa ta gaban wayar hannu tsakanin gajimaren gefen da 5G RU? Da farko dai, dole ne a fara ayyana hanyar sadarwa ta gaba ta 5G. Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓukan da ke ƙarƙashin tattaunawa (misali, gabatar da sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta fakiti ta hanyar sake fasalta ayyukan DU da RU), amma har yanzu ba a yi daidaitaccen ma'anar ba. Hoto mai zuwa zane ne da aka gabatar a cikin rukunin aiki na ITU IMT 2020 kuma yana ba da misali na hanyar sadarwa mai ƙima.
Misalin 5G C-RAN Network Slicing ta Kungiyar ITU
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-02-2024
