A cikin tsarin gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwa na zamani, VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) da VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network) su ne fasahohin da aka fi amfani da su wajen sarrafa tsarin sadarwa. Suna iya kama da kamanni, amma a zahiri akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
VLAN shi ne Virtual Local Area Network (Virtual local area network) gajarta. Dabarar ce da ke raba na'urorin zahiri a cikin LAN zuwa rukunoni daban-daban bisa ga alaƙar hankali. An saita VLAN akan masu sauya hanyar sadarwa don raba na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa zuwa ƙungiyoyin hankali daban-daban. Ko da yake waɗannan na'urori na iya kasancewa a zahiri a wurare daban-daban, VLAN yana ba su damar kasancewa cikin hanyar sadarwa iri ɗaya cikin ma'ana, yana ba da damar sarrafawa da keɓewa.
Tushen fasahar VLAN ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rabon tashar jiragen ruwa. Masu sauyawa suna sarrafa zirga-zirga bisa tushen VLAN ID (mai gano VLAN). VLAN ids suna daga 1 zuwa 4095 kuma yawanci lambobi 12 ne na binary (watau kewayon 0 zuwa 4095), wanda ke nufin cewa sauyawa na iya tallafawa har zuwa 4,096 VLans.
Gudun aiki
○ Identification VLAN: Lokacin da fakiti ya shiga maɓalli, mai kunnawa yana yanke shawarar wacce VLAN za a tura fakitin bisa ga bayanin VLAN ID a cikin fakitin. Yawanci, ana amfani da ka'idar IEEE 802.1Q don yiwa alamar bayanan VLAN alama.
○ VLAN Watsa Domain: Kowane VLAN yanki ne mai zaman kansa na watsa shirye-shirye. Ko da yawancin VLan suna kan canjin jiki iri ɗaya, watsa shirye-shiryen su sun keɓe daga juna, suna rage zirga-zirgar watsa shirye-shiryen da ba dole ba.
○ Canza bayanai: Mai kunnawa yana tura fakitin data zuwa tashar da ta dace daidai da alamun VLAN daban-daban. Idan na'urorin da ke tsakanin VLan daban-daban suna buƙatar sadarwa, dole ne a tura su ta na'urorin Layer 3, kamar masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa.
A ce kuna da kamfani mai sassa da yawa, kowannensu yana amfani da VLAN daban-daban. Tare da sauyawa, zaku iya raba duk na'urorin da ke cikin sashin kuɗi zuwa VLAN 10, waɗanda ke cikin sashin tallace-tallace zuwa VLAN 20, waɗanda ke cikin sashin fasaha zuwa VLAN 30. Ta wannan hanyar, hanyar sadarwa tsakanin sassan ta keɓe gaba ɗaya.
Amfani
○ Ingantaccen Tsaro: VLAN na iya hana shiga mara izini tsakanin VLan daban-daban ta hanyar rarraba ayyuka daban-daban zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa daban-daban.
○ Gudanar da zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa: Ta hanyar rarraba VLans, ana iya guje wa guguwar watsa shirye-shirye kuma hanyar sadarwar na iya zama mafi inganci. Fakitin watsa shirye-shirye kawai za a yada su a cikin VLAN, rage yawan amfani da bandwidth.
○ Sassauci na hanyar sadarwa: VLAN na iya sassauƙa raba hanyar sadarwar gwargwadon buƙatun kasuwanci. Misali, ana iya sanya na'urorin da ke cikin sashin kudi zuwa VLAN guda koda kuwa suna cikin jiki a benaye daban-daban.
Iyakance
○ Iyakance Sikeli: Kamar yadda VLans ke dogaro da musanya na al'ada da tallafi har zuwa 4096 VLans, wannan na iya zama cikas ga manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa ko manyan mahalli masu inganci.
○ Matsalolin Haɗin Ƙirar-doma: VLAN cibiyar sadarwa ce ta gida, ana buƙatar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta VLAN ta hanyar maɓalli uku ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, wanda zai iya ƙara rikitarwa na hanyar sadarwa.
Yanayin aikace-aikace
○ Warewa da Tsaro a Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Kasuwanci: Ana amfani da VLan sosai a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci, musamman a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi ko mahallin giciye. Ana iya tabbatar da tsaro da ikon samun damar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar rarraba sassa daban-daban ko tsarin kasuwanci ta hanyar VLAN. Misali, sashen kudi zai kasance sau da yawa a cikin VLAN daban-daban daga sashen R&D don guje wa shiga mara izini.
○ Rage Guguwar Watsa Labarai: VLAN yana taimakawa wajen iyakance zirga-zirgar watsa shirye-shirye. A al'ada, fakitin watsa shirye-shiryen za a yada su a cikin hanyar sadarwa, amma a cikin yanayin VLAN, za a yada zirga-zirgar watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin VLAN kawai, wanda ya rage yawan nauyin hanyar sadarwa da guguwar watsa shirye-shirye ta haifar.
○ Kananan Ko Matsakaici Mai Girma Network Area Network: Ga wasu kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu, VLAN yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi kuma mai inganci don gina hanyar sadarwa mai ma'ana, ta sa sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa ta zama mai sassauƙa.
VXLAN (Virtual Extended Local Area Network)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) sabuwar fasaha ce da aka gabatar don warware iyakokin VLAN na gargajiya a cikin manyan cibiyoyin bayanai da yanayin haɓakawa. Yana amfani da fasahar ɓoyewa don canja wurin fakitin bayanan Layer 2 (L2) ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta Layer 3 (L3), wacce ke karya ta iyakance ƙimar VLAN.
Ta hanyar fasahar tunneling da injin rufewa, VXLAN ta “nannade” fakitin bayanan Layer 2 na asali a cikin fakitin bayanan IP na Layer 3, ta yadda za a iya watsa fakitin bayanan a cikin hanyar sadarwar IP da ake da su. Jigon VXLAN ya ta'allaka ne a cikin tsarin ɓoyewa da tsarin rashin ɗaukar hoto, wato, tsarin bayanan L2 na al'ada yana kunshe da ka'idar UDP kuma ana watsa shi ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar IP.
Gudun aiki
○ Rufin Rubutun VXLAN: A cikin aiwatar da VXLAN, kowane fakiti na Layer 2 za a lulluɓe shi azaman fakitin UDP. VXLAN encapsulation ya ƙunshi: VXLAN cibiyar sadarwa ganowa (VNI), UDP header, IP header da sauran bayanai.
○ Tunnel Terminal (VTEP): VXLAN yana amfani da fasahar tunneling kuma an rufe fakiti kuma ba a rufe su ta hanyar na'urorin VTEP guda biyu. VTEP, VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint, shine gada mai haɗa VLAN da VXLAN. VTEP tana ɗaukar fakitin L2 da aka karɓa azaman fakitin VXLAN kuma ta aika su zuwa wurin VTEP, wanda hakan ke ɓoye fakitin da aka ɓoye cikin fakitin L2 na asali.
○ Tsarin Haɓakawa na VXLAN: Bayan haɗa taken VXLAN zuwa fakitin bayanan asali, fakitin bayanan za a aika zuwa wurin VTEP ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar IP. Wurin da aka nufa VTEP yana cire fakitin kuma ya tura shi zuwa ga mai karɓa daidai bisa bayanin VNI.
Amfani
○ Scalable: VXLAN tana goyan bayan hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani (VNI) har miliyan 16 (VNI), fiye da na VLAN 4096 masu ganowa, yana mai da shi manufa don manyan cibiyoyin bayanai da wuraren girgije.
○ Tallafin cibiyar bayanan giciye: VXLAN na iya tsawaita hanyar sadarwa mai kama da juna tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai da yawa a wurare daban-daban, keta iyakokin VLAN na al'ada, kuma ya dace da ƙididdigar girgije na zamani da yanayin haɓakawa.
○ Sauƙaƙe Cibiyar Sadarwar Sadarwar Bayanai: Ta hanyar VXLAN, na'urorin hardware daga masana'antun daban-daban na iya yin aiki tare, tallafawa mahalli masu yawa, da sauƙaƙe ƙirar hanyar sadarwa na manyan cibiyoyin bayanai.
Iyakance
○ Babban Haɗaɗɗiya: Tsarin VXLAN yana da ɗan rikitarwa, wanda ya haɗa da rufe rami, daidaitawar VTEP, da dai sauransu, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin tallafin tari na fasaha kuma yana ƙara haɓakar aiki da kiyayewa.
○ Latency Network: Saboda ƙarin aiki da ake buƙata ta hanyar tsarin rufewa da rashin ɗaukar hoto, VXLAN na iya gabatar da wasu latency na cibiyar sadarwa, kodayake wannan latency yawanci ƙanƙanta ne, amma duk da haka yana buƙatar a lura da shi a cikin yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi.
Yanayin Aikace-aikacen VXLAN
○ Ƙwararrun Cibiyar Sadarwar Bayanai: VXLAN ana amfani dashi sosai a manyan cibiyoyin bayanai. Sabar da ke cikin cibiyar bayanai yawanci suna amfani da fasahar haɓakawa, VXLAN na iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa mai kama da juna tsakanin sabobin jiki daban-daban, guje wa iyakancewar VLAN a cikin scalability.
○ Mahalli Mai-haya da yawa: A cikin gajimare na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, VXLAN na iya samar da hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta ga kowane ɗan haya kuma ta gano hanyar sadarwar kowane ɗan haya ta VNI. Wannan fasalin na VXLAN ya dace sosai don lissafin girgije na zamani da mahallin masu haya da yawa.
○ Ƙimar hanyar sadarwa a cikin Cibiyoyin Bayanai: VXLAN ya dace musamman don yanayin yanayi inda ake buƙatar tura cibiyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai da yawa ko yanki. Saboda VXLAN yana amfani da cibiyoyin sadarwar IP don ɗaukar hoto, yana da sauƙin kewaya cibiyoyin bayanai daban-daban da wuraren yanki don cimma faɗaɗa cibiyar sadarwa mai kama-da-wane akan sikelin duniya.
VLAN vs VxLAN
VLAN da VXLAN duka fasaha ce ta hanyar sadarwa, amma sun dace da yanayin aikace-aikacen daban-daban. VLAN ya dace da ƙarami ko matsakaicin yanayin cibiyar sadarwa, kuma yana iya samar da keɓancewar cibiyar sadarwa da tsaro. Ƙarfinsa yana cikin sauƙi, sauƙi na daidaitawa, da goyon baya mai fadi.
VXLAN fasaha ce da aka ƙera don tinkarar buƙatun faɗaɗa babbar hanyar sadarwa a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai na zamani da mahallin lissafin girgije. Ƙarfin VXLAN ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ikonsa na tallafawa miliyoyin cibiyoyin sadarwa, yana mai da shi dacewa da tura cibiyoyin sadarwa na zamani a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai. Yana karya ta iyakancewar VLAN a cikin scalability, kuma ya dace da ƙirar cibiyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa.
Kodayake sunan VXLAN yana da alama ƙa'idar tsawaita ce ta VLAN, a zahiri, VXLAN ya sha bamban da VLAN ta ikon gina ramukan kama-da-wane. Babban bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su shine kamar haka.
Siffar | VLAN | VXLAN |
|---|---|---|
| Daidaitawa | IEEE 802.1Q | RFC 7348 (IETF) |
| Layer | Layer 2 (Data Link) | Layer 2 sama da Layer 3 (L2oL3) |
| Encapsulation | 802.1Q Ethernet header | MAC-in-UDP (an rufe shi a cikin IP) |
| Girman ID | 12-bit (0-4095 VLANs) | 24-bit (VNI miliyan 16.7) |
| Ƙimar ƙarfi | Limited (4094 VLANs masu amfani) | Madaidaicin ma'auni (yana goyan bayan gajimare masu haya da yawa) |
| Gudanar da Watsa shirye-shirye | Ambaliyar al'ada (a cikin VLAN) | Yana amfani da multicast IP ko kwafi-karshen kai |
| Sama | Ƙananan (4-byte VLAN tag) | Babban (~ 50 bytes: UDP + IP + VXLAN kan kai) |
| Ware zirga-zirga | Ee (da VLAN) | Ee (da VNI) |
| Tunneling | Babu rami (lebur L2) | Yana amfani da VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) |
| Amfani da Cases | Ƙananan LANs / matsakaici, cibiyoyin sadarwa | Cibiyoyin bayanan Cloud, SDN, VMware NSX, Cisco ACI |
| Dogarowar Bishiyar Bishiya (STP). | Ee (don hana madaukai) | A'a (yana amfani da layin Layer 3, yana guje wa al'amuran STP) |
| Taimakon Hardware | Ana goyan bayan duk masu sauyawa | Yana buƙatar maɓalli/NICs masu iya VXLAN (ko VTEPs na software) |
| Taimakon Motsi | Iyakance (a cikin yanki ɗaya L2) | Mafi kyau (VMs na iya motsawa a cikin gidajen yanar gizo) |
Menene Mylinking™ Network Packet Broker zai iya yi don Fasahar Sadarwar Sadarwa?
VLAN Tagged, VLAN mara alama, VLAN Maye gurbin:
Ya goyi bayan daidaita kowane filin maɓalli a cikin 128 bytes na fakiti na farko. Mai amfani zai iya keɓance ƙimar kashewa da tsayin filin maɓalli da abun ciki, da ƙayyade manufofin fitarwar zirga-zirga bisa ga tsarin mai amfani.
Rage Rufe Ramin Ruwa:
Ya goyi bayan VxLAN, VLAN, GRE, GTP, MPLS, IPIP da aka cire a cikin fakitin bayanan asali da fitarwa da aka tura.
Tunneling Protocol Identification
Ana tallafawa ta atomatik gano ƙa'idodin tunneling daban-daban kamar GTP / GRE / PPTP / L2TP / PPPOE/IPIP. Dangane da tsarin mai amfani, ana iya aiwatar da dabarun fitar da zirga-zirga bisa ga rufin ciki ko na waje na rami
Kuna iya duba nan don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da alaƙaDillalan Fakitin hanyar sadarwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-25-2025
