Mafi yawan kayan aiki don sa ido kan hanyar sadarwa da magance matsala a yau shine Canja Port Analyzer (SPAN), wanda kuma aka sani da Port mirroring. Yana ba mu damar saka idanu kan zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar wucewa daga yanayin bandeji ba tare da tsoma baki tare da sabis akan hanyar sadarwar kai tsaye ba, kuma yana aika kwafin zirga-zirgar da aka sa ido zuwa na'urori na gida ko na nesa, gami da Sniffer, IDS, ko wasu nau'ikan kayan aikin bincike na cibiyar sadarwa.
Wasu amfani na yau da kullun sune:
• Shirya matsalolin cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar sa ido/firam ɗin bayanai;
Yi nazarin latency da jitter ta sa ido kan fakitin VoIP;
• Yi nazarin jinkiri ta hanyar sa ido kan hulɗar cibiyar sadarwa;
Gano abubuwan da ba su da kyau ta hanyar sa ido kan zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa.
Ana iya kwatanta zirga-zirgar SPAN a cikin gida zuwa wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa akan na'urar tushe iri ɗaya, ko kuma a miƙe su zuwa wasu na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa kusa da Layer 2 na na'urar tushen (RSPAN).
A yau za mu yi magana ne game da fasahar sa ido kan zirga-zirgar Intanet mai nisa da ake kira ERSPAN (Encapsulated Remote Switch Port Analyzer) wanda za a iya yada shi a cikin nau'ikan IP guda uku. Wannan haɓakawa ne na SPAN zuwa Ƙwararren Nesa.
Ka'idodin aiki na asali na ERSPAN
Da farko, bari mu kalli fasalin ERSPAN:
Ana aika kwafin fakitin daga tashar ruwa zuwa ga uwar garken da aka nufa don tantancewa ta hanyar Encapsulation Generic Routing (GRE). Ba a iyakance wurin zahiri na uwar garken ba.
• Tare da taimakon fasalin Ƙayyadaddun Mai amfani (UDF) na guntu, duk wani ɓarna na 1 zuwa 126 bytes ana aiwatar da shi bisa tushen yanki ta hanyar ƙwararrun matakin ƙwararru, kuma an daidaita kalmomin zaman don gane hangen nesa. na zaman, kamar musafaha ta hanyoyi uku na TCP da zaman RDMA;
• Tallafin saitin samfur;
• Yana goyan bayan tsayin shiga fakiti (Slicing Packet), rage matsa lamba akan uwar garken manufa.
Tare da waɗannan fasalulluka, zaku iya ganin dalilin da yasa ERSPAN shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don sa ido kan cibiyoyin sadarwa a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai a yau.
Ana iya taƙaita manyan ayyukan ERSPAN ta fuskoki biyu:
• Ganuwa Zama: Yi amfani da ERSPAN don tattara duk sabbin abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira na TCP da Nesa kai tsaye žwažwalwar ajiya (RDMA) zuwa uwar garken ƙarshen baya don nunawa;
• Shirya matsala na hanyar sadarwa: Yana ɗaukar zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa don bincika kuskure lokacin da matsalar hanyar sadarwa ta faru.
Don yin wannan, na'urar hanyar sadarwa ta tushen tana buƙatar tace zirga-zirgar abubuwan sha'awa ga mai amfani daga ɗimbin magudanar bayanai, yin kwafi, sannan a sanya kowane firam ɗin kwafi a cikin wani “kwangilar superframe” na musamman wanda ke ɗauke da isassun ƙarin bayanai ta yadda zai iya. a tura shi daidai zuwa na'urar karba. Bugu da ƙari, ba da damar na'urar karɓa don cirewa da dawo da ainihin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa.
Na'urar karba zata iya zama wata uwar garken da ke goyan bayan cire fakitin ERSPAN.
Nau'in ERSPAN da Tsarin Tsarin Fakitin
Ana tattara fakitin ERSPAN ta amfani da GRE kuma ana tura su zuwa kowane wuri mai adireshin IP akan Ethernet. A halin yanzu ana amfani da ERSPAN akan cibiyoyin sadarwa na IPV4, kuma tallafin IPv6 zai zama abin bukata a nan gaba.
Don tsarin rufewa na gaba ɗaya na ERSAPN, mai zuwa shine kama fakitin madubi na fakitin ICMP:
Yarjejeniyar ERSPAN ta ci gaba na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, kuma tare da haɓaka iyawarta, an samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ERSPAN. Nau'o'i daban-daban suna da tsarin rubutun firam daban-daban.
An bayyana shi a filin Sigar farko na taken ERSPAN:
Bugu da kari, filin Nau'in Ka'ida a cikin taken GRE shima yana nuna nau'in ERSPAN na ciki. Filin Nau'in Protocol 0x88BE yana nuna nau'in ERSPAN na II, kuma 0x22EB yana nuna nau'in ERSPAN na III.
1. Nau'in I
Firam ɗin ERSPAN na Nau'in I yana ɗaukar IP da GRE kai tsaye akan kan firam ɗin madubi na asali. Wannan encapsulation yana ƙara 38 bytes akan ainihin firam: 14(MAC) + 20 (IP) + 4(GRE). Amfanin wannan tsari shine yana da ƙaramin girman kai kuma yana rage farashin watsawa. Koyaya, saboda ya saita filayen GRE Flag da Sigar zuwa 0, ba ya ɗaukar kowane fage mai tsayi kuma ba a amfani da Nau'in I da yawa, don haka babu buƙatar faɗaɗa ƙari.
Tsarin rubutun GRE na Nau'in I shine kamar haka:
2. Nau'in II
A cikin Nau'in II, C, R, K, S, S, Recur, Tutoci, da Filayen Sigar a cikin taken GRE duk 0 ne banda filin S. Don haka, ana nuna filin Lambar Jerin a cikin taken GRE na Nau'in II. Wato Nau'in II na iya tabbatar da oda na karɓar fakitin GRE, ta yadda ba za a iya ware ɗimbin fakitin GRE da ba su da oda saboda kuskuren hanyar sadarwa.
Tsarin rubutun GRE na Nau'in II shine kamar haka:
Bugu da kari, tsarin firam na nau'in ERSPAN na II yana ƙara taken ERSPAN mai 8-byte tsakanin taken GRE da firam ɗin madubi na asali.
Tsarin taken ERSPAN na Nau'in II shine kamar haka:
A ƙarshe, nan da nan bin ainihin firam ɗin hoton, shine daidaitaccen lambar sake duba sake zagayowar zagayowar cyclic Ethernet 4-byte (CRC).
Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin aiwatarwa, firam ɗin madubi ba ya ƙunshi filin FCS na firam na asali, a maimakon haka an sake ƙididdige sabon ƙimar CRC dangane da dukkan ERSPAN. Wannan yana nufin cewa na'urar karɓa ba za ta iya tabbatar da daidaiton CRC na firam ɗin na asali ba, kuma za mu iya ɗauka cewa firam ɗin da ba su lalace ba ne kawai ke nuna.
3. Nau'in III
Nau'in III yana gabatar da mafi girma kuma mafi sassauƙa mai haɗa kai don magance ƙara rikitarwa da yanayin sa ido na cibiyar sadarwa, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa ba, gano kutse, aiki da bincike na jinkiri, da ƙari. Wadannan wuraren suna buƙatar sanin duk ainihin sigogi na firam ɗin madubi kuma sun haɗa da waɗanda ba su kasance a cikin ainihin firam ɗin kanta.
Nau'in na ERSPAN mai haɗe-haɗen kai ya haɗa da na tilas mai lamba 12-byte da wani takamaiman dandamali-byte na zaɓi na zaɓi.
Tsarin taken ERSPAN na Nau'in III shine kamar haka:
Hakanan, bayan firam ɗin madubi na asali shine CRC 4-byte.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga tsarin taken Nau'in III, ban da riƙe filayen Ver, VLAN, COS, T da ID ɗin Zama bisa nau'in II, ana ƙara fage na musamman da yawa, kamar:
• BSO: ana amfani da shi don nuna ƙimar ƙimar firam ɗin bayanai da aka ɗauka ta hanyar ERSPAN. 00 firam ne mai kyau, 11 mummunan firam ne, 01 gajeriyar firam ne, 11 babban firam ne;
• Tambarin lokaci: fitarwa daga agogon kayan aikin da aka daidaita tare da lokacin tsarin. Wannan filin 32-bit yana goyan bayan aƙalla 100 microsecond na granularity tamp;
• Nau'in Tsarin (P) da Nau'in Tsarin (FT): ana amfani da tsohon don tantance ko ERSPAN na ɗauke da firam ɗin ka'idar Ethernet (PDU Frames), kuma ana amfani da na ƙarshen don tantance ko ERSPAN yana ɗaukar firam ɗin Ethernet ko fakitin IP.
• HW ID: mai gano na musamman na injin ERSPAN a cikin tsarin;
• Gra (Timestamp Granularity): Yana ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tambarin lokaci. Misali, 00B yana wakiltar 100 microsecond Granularity, 01B 100 nanosecond Granularity, 10B IEEE 1588 Granularity, da 11B na buƙatar takamaiman ƙananan kantunan dandamali don cimma babban Granularity.
• Platf ID vs Platform Specific Info: Platf Specific Info filayen suna da tsari daban-daban da abun ciki dangane da ƙimar ID ɗin Platf.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ana iya amfani da filaye daban-daban na taken da aka goyan bayan sama a aikace-aikacen ERSPAN na yau da kullun, har ma da firam ɗin kurakurai ko firam ɗin BPDU, yayin kiyaye fakitin Trunk na asali da ID na VLAN. Bugu da kari, za a iya ƙara mahimman bayanan tambarin lokaci da sauran filayen bayanai zuwa kowane firam ɗin ERSPAN yayin madubi.
Tare da masu kan sifa na ERSPAN, za mu iya samun ingantaccen bincike na zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa, sannan kawai mu hau ACL daidai a cikin tsarin ERSPAN don dacewa da zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwar da muke sha'awar.
ERSPAN Yana Aiwatar da Ganuwa Zama na RDMA
Bari mu ɗauki misali na amfani da fasahar ERSPAN don cimma hangen nesa na zaman RDMA a cikin yanayin RDMA:
RDMA: Nesa Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙwaƙwalwa na A don karantawa da rubuta Ƙwaƙwalwar uwar garken B ta hanyar yin amfani da katunan dubawa na cibiyar sadarwa na fasaha (inics) da masu sauyawa, samun babban bandwidth, rashin jinkiri, da ƙananan amfani da albarkatu. Ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin manyan bayanai da babban aiki rarraba yanayin ajiya.
RoCEv2: RDMA akan Haɗin Ethernet Siffar 2. Ana tattara bayanan RDMA a cikin Shugaban UDP. Lambar tashar tashar jirgin ruwa ita ce 4791.
Yin aiki na yau da kullun da kiyaye RDMA yana buƙatar tattara bayanai da yawa, waɗanda ake amfani da su don tattara layukan tuntuɓar matakin ruwa na yau da kullun da ƙararrawa mara kyau, da kuma tushen gano matsalolin da ba su dace ba. Haɗe tare da ERSPAN, za a iya kama manyan bayanai da sauri don samun ingantattun bayanai na isar da sako na biyu da kuma yanayin hulɗar yarjejeniya na guntuwar sauyawa. Ta hanyar kididdigar bayanai da bincike, RDMA na iya samun ƙimar ingancin isarwa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe.
Don cimma hangen nesa na zaman RDAM, muna buƙatar ERSPAN don dacewa da kalmomi masu mahimmanci don zaman hulɗar RDMA lokacin da aka kwatanta zirga-zirga, kuma muna buƙatar amfani da jerin tsawaita ƙwararrun.
Ma'anar filin da ya dace da matakin ƙwararru:
UDF ta ƙunshi filayen biyar: UDF keyword, filin tushe, filin kashewa, filin ƙima, da filin abin rufe fuska. Iyakance da ƙarfin shigarwar kayan masarufi, ana iya amfani da jimillar UDF guda takwas. UDF ɗaya zai iya daidaita iyakar bytes biyu.
• UDF keyword: UDF1... UDF8 Ya ƙunshi kalmomi takwas na yankin UDF da suka dace
• Filin tushe: yana gano matsayin farkon filin da ya dace da UDF. Masu biyowa
L4_header (an zartar da RG-S6520-64CQ)
L5_header (na RG-S6510-48VS8Cq)
• Ragewa: yana nuna koma baya dangane da filin tushe. Farashin yana daga 0 zuwa 126
• Filin ƙima: ƙimar da ta dace. Ana iya amfani da shi tare da filin abin rufe fuska don saita takamaiman ƙimar da za a daidaita. Ingantaccen bit bytes biyu ne
• Filin abin rufe fuska: abin rufe fuska, ingantaccen bit bytes biyu ne
(Ƙara: Idan an yi amfani da shigarwar da yawa a cikin filin da ya dace da UDF, tushe da filayen kashewa dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya.)
Fakitin maɓalli guda biyu masu alaƙa da matsayin zaman RDMA sune Fakitin Sanarwa na Cunkoso (CNP) da Amincewa mara kyau (NAK):
Tsohuwar mai karɓar RDMA ce ke haifar da ita bayan karɓar saƙon ECN da mai kunnawa ya aika (lokacin da eout Buffer ya kai bakin kofa), wanda ya ƙunshi bayanai game da kwarara ko QP yana haifar da cunkoso. Ana amfani da ƙarshen don nuna watsa RDMA yana da saƙon amsa asarar fakiti.
Bari mu kalli yadda ake daidaita waɗannan saƙonnin guda biyu ta amfani da tsawaita lissafin matakin ƙwararru:
ƙwararriyar damar-jerin samun ƙarin rdma
ba da izinin udp kowane kowane kowane eq 4791udf 1 l4_header 8 0x8100 0xFF00(Mace RG-S6520-64CQ)
ba da izinin udp kowane kowane kowane eq 4791udf 1 l5_header 0x8100 0xFF00Saukewa: RG-S6510-48VS8CQ.
ƙwararriyar damar-jerin samun ƙarin rdma
ba da izinin udp kowane kowane kowane eq 4791udf 1 l4_header 8 0x1100 0xFF00 udf 2 l4_header 20 0x6000 0xFF00(Mace RG-S6520-64CQ)
ba da izinin udp kowane kowane kowane eq 4791udf 1 l5_header 0 0x1100 0xFF00 udf 2 l5_header 12 0x6000 0xFF00Saukewa: RG-S6510-48VS8CQ.
A matsayin mataki na ƙarshe, zaku iya hangen zaman RDMA ta hanyar haƙa jerin tsawaita ƙwararru cikin tsarin ERSPAN da ya dace.
Rubuta a karshe
ERSPAN ɗaya ne daga cikin kayan aikin da babu makawa a cikin manyan hanyoyin sadarwar cibiyar bayanai na yau, ƙara haɗaɗɗiyar zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa, da haɓaka aikin cibiyar sadarwa da buƙatun kulawa.
Tare da karuwar digiri na O&M aiki da kai, fasaha kamar Netconf, RESTconf, da gRPC sun shahara tsakanin ɗaliban O&M a cibiyar sadarwa ta O&M ta atomatik. Yin amfani da gRPC azaman ƙa'idar ƙa'idar don mayar da zirga-zirgar madubi shima yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Misali, dangane da ka'idar HTTP/2, tana iya tallafawa tsarin turawa yawo ƙarƙashin haɗin kai ɗaya. Tare da ɓoye bayanan ProtoBuf, an rage girman bayanai da rabi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin JSON, yana sa watsa bayanai cikin sauri da inganci. Ka yi tunanin, idan ka yi amfani da ERSPAN don madubi rafukan ruwa masu sha'awa sannan ka aika su zuwa uwar garken bincike akan gRPC, shin zai inganta iyawa da ingancin aikin cibiyar sadarwa ta atomatik da kiyayewa?
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-10-2022
