Saita TCP
Lokacin da muke bincika gidan yanar gizo, aika imel, ko kunna wasan kan layi, yawanci ba muyi tunani game da haɗin cibiyar sadarwa ba a bayanta. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙananan matakan ne da ke tabbatar da ingantacciyar sadarwa tsakaninmu da sabar. Daya daga cikin matakai mafi mahimmanci shine saitin haɗin TCP, kuma ainihin wannan ita ce musaya ta hanyoyi uku.
Wannan labarin zai tattauna ka'idodi, tsari da mahimmancin mahimmancin musayar hanya uku daki daki daki daki-daki. Mataki-mataki, zamu bayyana dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar sa hannu a cikin abin da ya dace da hanyar haɗin kai uku, yadda ta tabbatar da daidaituwar daidaitawa da aminci, kuma yaya mahimmancin canja wurin bayanai. Tare da zurfin fahimta game da musayar hanya uku, zamu sami kyakkyawar fahimta game da hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa da kuma ra'ayi mai zurfi game da amincin haɗin TCP.
TCP Hanya ta Haske da Sauyawa na Jiha da Sauyawa
TCP ne mai haɗakar jigilar kayayyaki, wanda ke buƙatar kafuwar haɗi kafin watsa bayanai. Wannan tsarin haɗin haɗin ana yin shi ta hanyar musayar hanya uku.
Bari muyi kusanci da fakiti na TCP wanda aka aiko cikin kowane haɗin.
Da farko, duka abokin ciniki da uwar garken suna rufe. Da farko, uwar garken tana saurara akan tashar jiragen ruwa kuma tana cikin sauraren ƙasa kuma yana nufin cewa dole ne a fara uwar garke. Bayan haka, abokin ciniki a shirye yake don fara samun damar shiga shafin yanar gizon.it yana buƙatar kafa haɗin haɗi tare da sabar. Tsarin haɗin farko na fakiti na farko kamar haka:
A lokacin da abokin ciniki ya fara haɗin kai, zai haifar da lambar farko ta farko (Imple_isn) kuma sanya shi a cikin "lambar lambar" filin taken TCP. A lokaci guda, abokin ciniki ya kafa tsarin syn tutar zuwa 1 don nuna cewa fakiti mai fita alama ce mai ma'ana. Abokin ciniki yana nuna cewa yana fatan kafa haɗin haɗi tare da sabar ta hanyar aika da peunderan fakiti na farko zuwa uwar garken. Wannan fakiti bai ƙunshi bayanan aikace-aikacen ba (wato, da aka aika bayanai). A wannan gaba, matsayin abokin ciniki yana alama kamar yadda aka aiko.
Lokacin da uwarji ya karbi wani fakiti na majami'a daga abokin ciniki, shi ne fara da lambar sirrinsa (Server_isn) sannan kuma ya sanya lambar a cikin shugaban TCP. Bayan haka, uwar garken tana shiga abokin ciniki_isn + 1 a cikin "Reparfi ya aiko da fakiti zuwa ga abokin ciniki, wanda ya ƙunshi bayanan aikace-aikacen-Layer (kuma babu bayanai don sabar don aika). A wannan lokacin, uwar garken tana cikin jihar Cy-RCVD.
Da zarar abokin ciniki ya karɓi fakiti daga sabar, yana buƙatar aiwatar da abubuwa masu zuwa don amsa wajan bautar ƙarshe na TCP na Amsa zuwa 1; Na biyu, abokin ciniki ya shiga darajar Server_isn + 1 a cikin "Tabbatar da lambar amsar" filin; A ƙarshe, abokin ciniki ya aika da fakiti zuwa sabar. Wannan fakiti na iya ɗaukar bayanai daga abokin ciniki zuwa sabar. Bayan kammala waɗannan ayyukan, abokin ciniki zai shiga cikin kafa jihar.
Da zarar uwar garken tana karɓar fakiti na amsar daga abokin ciniki, shi ma yana juyawa zuwa jihar da aka kafa.
Kamar yadda kake gani daga tsarin da ke sama, lokacin aiwatar da musayar hanya uku, an ba da izinin ɗaukar bayanai ta hanyar ɗaukar bayanai, amma musaya ta uku ta hannu ba. Wannan tambaya ce da ake tambaya sau da yawa a cikin tambayoyi. Da zarar Hasken Hanya uku ya cika, bangarorin biyu sun shiga jihar da aka kafa, wanda ke nuna cewa an sami nasarar haɗin gwiwa, wanda abokin ciniki zai iya fara aikawa da juna.
Me yasa musaya guda uku? Ba sau biyu ba sau biyu, sau hudu?
Amsa ta gama gari ita ce, "saboda Hadaddiyar hanya ta hanya uku tana ba da tabbacin ikon karba da aikawa." Wannan amsar daidai ce, amma kawai shine kawai a saman dalilin, ba ya gabatar da babban dalilin. A cikin masu biyowa, zan bincika dalilan musayar hannu daga bangarori uku don zurfafa fahimtarmu game da wannan batun mai zuwa.
Haskaka da Haske na uku na iya nisanta farawa ta hanyar maimaita haɗin tarihi (Babban dalilin)
Haske Hoton Haske guda uku yana ba da tabbacin cewa bangarorin biyu sun karbi lambar farko da aka samu.
Hoton Hanya uku yana guje wa albarkatu na.
Dalili 1: Guji kwafin tarihi ya shiga tsakani
A takaice, babban dalilin musayar hanya uku shine kauce wa rikicewa wanda aka haifar da tsohuwar fara da tsohuwar hanyar haɗin gwiwa. In a complex network environment, the transmission of data packets is not always sent to the destination host in accordance with the specified time, and old data packets may arrive at the destination host first because of network congestion and other reasons. Don kauce wa wannan, TCP yana amfani da musayar hanya uku don kafa haɗin.
A lokacin da abokin ciniki ya aika da fakitoci na mahaɗan da yawa a jere, a cikin yanayi kamar cunkoso, mai zuwa na iya faruwa:
Na farko: famattun fakitoci sun isa sabar kafin sabon fakiti.
2- Sabar za ta amsa marigayi na act ack ack ack a kan abokin ciniki bayan karbar tsohon fakiti.
3- A lokacin da abokin ciniki ya karɓi syn + ack ack ack, zai ayyana cewa haɗin wani mahaɗin tarihi ne (lambar lamba ta ƙarshe) gwargwadon nasa mahallin don zubar da haɗin.
Tare da haɗi na hannu biyu, babu hanyar da za a iya sanin idan haɗin na yanzu shine haɗin tarihi. Hoton Hanya Uku yana bawa abokin ciniki don sanin ko haɗin na yanzu shine haɗin tarihi dangane da mahallin lokacin da ya shirya don aika fakiti na uku:
1- Idan mahaɗin ne na tarihi (lambar da aka ambata), fakiti da aka aiko da fakiti na uku shine fakiti na farko don zubar da haɗin tarihi.
2- Idan ba haɗin tarihi bane, fakiti da aka aika a karo na uku wani fakiti ne na uku, kuma bangarorin biyu masu sadarwa sun samu nasarar kafa haɗin.
A saboda haka babban dalilin da TCP yayi amfani da Haske guda uku shine ya fara haɗin don hana alakar tarihi.
Dalili 2: Don aiki tare da lambobin farko na bangarorin biyu
Dukansu na yarjejeniya ta TCP dole ne su kula da lambar tsari, wanda shine babban mahimmancin watsa mai gaskiya. Lambobin da suka dace suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɗin TCP.Shey yi masu zuwa:
Mai karɓar zai iya kawar da bayanan kwafin da tabbatar da daidaiton bayanan.
Mai karba na iya karbar fakitoci a cikin tsari na lambar don tabbatar da amincin bayanan.
● Lambar da aka tsara na iya gano fakitin bayanan da sauran jam'iyyar da sauran jam'iyyar, ta ba da ingantaccen fassarar bayanai.
Saboda haka, saboda kafa haɗin TCP, abokin ciniki ya aika da synketes na farko tare da lambar farko da kuma na bukatar uwar garken ack da ke nuna yawan liyafar fakiti. Bayan haka, uwar garken tana aika da babban fakiti tare da lambar farko zuwa abokin ciniki kuma yana jira don abokin ciniki don amsa, sau ɗaya don a tabbatar da cewa lambobin farko za su dogara da lambobin farko.
Kodayake musamashi ta Hudu ita ma yana yiwuwa a tsaurara lambobin farko na farko na ɓangarorin biyu, matakai na uku za a iya haɗe su cikin mataki guda, sakamakon shi da hannu guda ɗaya. Duk da haka, musayar biyu za ta iya ba da tabbacin cewa kawai da lambar farko ta samu nasarar karba ta hanyar sauran jam'iyyar, amma babu garantin cewa yawan adadin bangarorin biyu za a iya tabbatar dasu. Sabili da haka, Haske Haske shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don ɗauka don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da amincin haɗin TCP.
Dalili 3: Guji albarkatu na bata
Idan akwai "musayar hannu kawai", lokacin da aka katange waƙar abokin ciniki a cikin hanyar sadarwa, abokin ciniki ba zai iya karɓar ACK POCKE da uwar garken ba, saboda haka sittin za su yi fushi. Koyaya, tunda babu musayar hannu na uku, uwar garken ba za ta iya tantance idan abokin ciniki ya karɓi kamfanin Ack don kafa haɗin ba. Sabili da haka, sabar na iya tabbatar da wata alaƙa ne kawai bayan da karɓar kowane irin roƙon. Wannan yana haifar da masu zuwa:
Bata da albarkatu: Idan an katange buƙatun abokin ciniki, wanda ya haifar da watsa fakiti da yawa, sabar za ta tabbatar da karɓar buƙatun. Wannan yana haifar da ɓarnar albarkatun uwar garke.
Kulawa da sakon: saboda rashin musaya ta uku, uwar garken bashi da wata hanyar sanin ko abokin ciniki ya karbi kamfanin ack ya amince da hadin hadin kan. A sakamakon haka, idan sakonni suka makale a cikin hanyar sadarwa, abokin ciniki zai ci gaba da aika da satar bayanai da kuma kadan, yana haifar da uwar garken da za a iya kafa sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa. Wannan zai ƙara cunkoso na cibiyar sadarwa da jinkirtawa da mummunan tasiri shafan ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa gaba ɗaya.
Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da amincin haɗin sadarwa, TCP tana amfani da musayar hanya uku don tabbatar da haɗin don guje wa abin da ya faru na waɗannan matsalolin.
Taƙaitawa
DaCibiyar sadarwa mai ban sha'awaAn yi kafa tsarin haɗin TCP tare da musayar hanya uku. A yayin musayar hanya uku, abokin ciniki ya fara aika fakiti tare da tituna na titunan zuwa sabar, yana nuna cewa yana son kafa haɗin. Bayan samun buƙatun daga abokin ciniki, uwar garken yana ba da izinin fakiti tare da suttura da kayan aikin da aka karɓa, kuma ya sanya lambar da aka samu na farko. A ƙarshe, abokin ciniki ya amsa tare da tutar ack zuwa sabar don nuna cewa an samu nasarar kafa haɗin cikin nasara. Don haka, bangarorin biyu suna cikin jihar da aka kafa kuma suna iya fara aika da juna.
In general, the three-way handshake process for TCP connection establishment is designed to ensure connection stability and reliability, avoid confusion and waste of resources over historical connections, and ensure that both parties are able to receive and send data.
Lokaci: Jan-08-2025
